In light of the escalating environmental issues, including the greenhouse effect and pollution emissions resulting from the excessive exploitation and utilization of traditional fossil energy sources (coal, oil, natural gas), researchers are compelled to seek non-polluting and environmentally friendly clean energy alternatives such as wind, solar and tidal energy. While these energy sources offer the advantages such as wide availability, cleanliness, and sustainability, their intermittency and instability present significant challenges to large-scale implementation [[1], [2], [3], [4]]. Consequently, rechargeable battery systems are increasingly regarded as stable energy storage solutions. Rechargeable aqueous zinc-ion batteries (RAZIBs) with low-toxicity, high-ionic-conductivity, and safe aqueous electrolyte serves as an effective alternative to lithium-ion batteries.
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